Indochina and Vietnam by Robert Miller

Author:Robert Miller [Miller, Robert L.; Wainstock, Dennis]
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9781936274666
Publisher: Enigma Books

1. Seth Jacobs, Cold War Mandarin (Lanham: Rowman-Littlefield, 2006), p. 19.

2. Personalism was criticized by several political scientists and historians as having potentially fascist tendencies according to historian Zeev Sternhell in his analysis of Emanuel Mounier. However, Personalism was also credited with having influenced Pope John Paul II and Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr., as well.

3. Jacobs, op. cit., p. 39.

4. The issue of the elections and reunification planned for 1956 has long been a factor in the critique of the American position on South Vietnam. While it was clear that the pro-communist factions would have the upper hand in such a contest it was also a fact that no truly free elections could be held in North Vietnam which was one of Diem’s points in refusing to abide by that clause in the Geneva accords of 1954.

5. Franchini, op. cit., Vol. II, p. 167.

6. Jacobs, op. cit., p. 74.

7. Born Tran Le Xuan known as Madame Nhu (1924-2011) was married to Ngo Dinh Nhu the brother of President Diem. Since Diem was a bachelor she was in fact the First Lady of South Vietnam during the Diem years. From a wealthy and important family in Hanoi, her father Tran Van Chuong was a lawyer and diplomat while her mother was a cousin of Emperor Bao Dai. Tran Le Xuan converted to Catholicism to marry Ngo Dinh Nhu, who was fourteen years her senior. Early on she advocated a strict form of morality and pushed for laws banning abortion, adultery, divorce, contraception, public dancing, beauty pageant, brothels, and opium dens. She had the reputation as an intriguer, as Robert McNamara wrote: “…diabolical and scheming—a true sorceress.” (In Retrospect, p. 42.) When Diem and Nhu were assassinated, her comment was, “Whoever has the Americans as allies does not need enemies.” (Howard Jones, Death of a Generation, p. 407.) Madame Nhu dictated her memoirs in French but no date of publication has been announced since she passed away in Rome in 2011.

8. The fascinating story of an attempt to communicate with the elusive Madame Nhu after the fall of Diem has recently been published by Monique Brinson Demery, Finding the Dragon Lady. The Mystery of Vietnam’s Madame Nhu (New York: Public Affairs, 2013).

9. Brig. General J. Lawton Collins, “The Development and Training of the South Vietnamese Army 1950–1972,” Department of the Army, Washington, D.C., 1991.

10. William J. Duiker, Ho Chi Minh (New York: Hyperion, 2000), p. 14.

11. Duiker, op. cit., p. 70.

12. French Colonization on Trial (author’s translation).

13. Duiker, op. cit., p. 83.

14. Duiker, op. cit., p. 302.

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